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Structure and Function
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Liver Structure
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Biliary Tract Structure
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Cells of the Liver
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Hepatocytes
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Cholangiocytes
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Kupffer Cells
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Stellate Cells
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Pit Cells
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Endothelial Cells
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Smooth Muscle Cells
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Stem Cells
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Liver Function
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Metabolism
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Bile Secretion
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Coagulation Factors
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Detoxification
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Immune Surveillance
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Regeneration
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History and Physical Examination
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Clinical Importance
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History of Dogs and Cats with Liver Disease
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Predispositions
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Pathogenesis of Common Symptoms of Primary Liver Diseases
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Vomiting
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Diarrhea
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Hepatic Encephalopathy and Related Anesthesia Intolerance
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Polyuria and Polydipsia
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Dysuria
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Acholic Feces
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Abdominal Distention
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Other Symptoms
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Physical Examination and Signs of Liver Diseases
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Icterus
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Pale Mucous Membranes
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Hepatomegaly
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Splenomegaly and Ascites
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Conclusion
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Diagnostic Evaluation
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Laboratory Testing of the Liver
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Hepatic Enzymology
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Markers of Protein Metabolism
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Markers of Lipid Metabolism
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Markers of Carbohydrate Metabolism
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Other Tests of Liver Function
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Urinalysis
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Hematology
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Other Diagnostic Tests for Hepatobiliary Disease
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Patterns of Clinicopathologic Change Associated with Liver Disease
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Diagnostic Imaging of the Liver
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Abdominal Radiographs
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Abdominal Ultrasound
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Nuclear Scintigraphy
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Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Cytologic Evaluation of the Liver
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Histopathologic Evaluation of the Liver
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Biopsy Techniques
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Indications
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Prebiopsy Considerations
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Fine-Needle Aspiration
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Fine-Needle Aspiration
-
Summary of Fine-Needle Aspiration
-
Ultrasound-Guided Biopsy
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Ultrasound-Guided Biopsy
-
Summary of Ultrasound-Guided Biopsy
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Laparoscopic Biopsy
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Laparoscopy
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Summary of Laparoscopy
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Surgical Biopsy
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Parenchymal Disorders
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Inflammation and Necrosis
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Acute Hepatitis and Acute Hepatic Necrosis
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Hepatic Abscesses
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Granulomatous Hepatitis
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Eosinophilic Hepatitis
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Nonspecific Reactive Hepatitis
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Canine Chronic Hepatitis
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Chronic Hepatitis in Specific Breeds
-
Hepatic Cirrhosis and Fibrosis
-
Lobular Dissecting Hepatitis
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Hepatic Infections
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Canine Adenovirus 1
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Canine Herpesvirus
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Canine Acidophil Cell Hepatitis
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Feline Infectious Peritonitis (Coronavirus)
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Leptospirosis
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Clostridium piliforme (Tyzzer Disease)
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Sepsis and Endotoxemia
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Hepatotoxicity
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Drug and Toxin-Induced Liver Injury
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Selected Hepatotoxic Drugs
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Other Hepatotoxins
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Vascular Disorders
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Clinical Manifestations
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Congenital Portosystemic Shunt
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Portal Hypertension
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Pathogenesis
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Hepatic Blood Flow
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Hepatic Encephalopathy
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Polyuria and Polydipsia
-
Urolithiasis
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Fever
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Etiologies
-
Congenital Portosystemic Shunt
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Portal Hypertension
-
Differential Diagnosis
-
Hyperammonemia
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High Serum Bile Acid Concentrations
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Ascites
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Central Neurologic Signs
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Diagnosis
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Signalment
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History
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Physical Examination
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Laboratory Examination
-
Diagnostic Imaging
-
Histopathology
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Treatment
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Emergency Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy
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Conservative Maintenance Therapy for Hepatic Encephalopathy
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Surgery of Congenital Portosystemic Shunts
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Postoperative Complications of Shunt Occlusion
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Portal Hypertensive Disorders
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Prognosis
-
Congenital Portosystemic Shunts
-
Portal Hypertension
-
Neoplastic Disorders
-
Hepatobiliary Neoplasia
-
Etiology
-
Pathophysiology
-
Clinical Examination
-
Diagnosis
-
Treatment and Prognosis
-
Hepatic Nodular Hyperplasia
-
Etiology
-
Pathophysiology
-
Clinical Examination
-
Diagnosis
-
Treatment
-
Prognosis
-
Metabolic Disorders
-
Feline Hepatic Lipidosis
-
Etiology
-
Pathophysiology
-
Clinical Examination
-
Diagnosis
-
Treatment
-
Prognosis
-
Hyperthyroid Hepatopathy
-
Etiology
-
Pathophysiology
-
Clinical Examination
-
Diagnosis
-
Treatment
-
Prognosis
-
Diabetic Hepatopathy (Hepatocutaneous Syndrome, Superficial Necrolytic Dermatitis)
-
Etiology
-
Pathophysiology
-
Clinical Examination
-
Diagnosis
-
Treatment
-
Prognosis
-
Steroid Hepatopathy
-
Etiology
-
Pathophysiology
-
Clinical Examination
-
Diagnosis
-
Treatment
-
Prognosis
-
Miscellaneous Metabolic Hepatopathies
-
Lipoproteinemias
-
Amyloidosis
-
Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency
-
Hypothyroid Hepatopathy
-
Intrahepatic Biliary Disorders
-
Cholangitis
-
Feline Cholangitis Complex
-
Chronic Cholangitis Associated with Liver Fluke Infestation
-
Canine Cholangitis
-
Congenital Disorders
-
Cystic Disease
-
Biliary Atresia
-
Intrahepatic Cholestasis
-
Neoplastic Disorders
-
Extrahepatic Biliary Disorders
-
Etiology
-
Pathophysiology
-
Extrahepatic Biliary Tract Obstruction
-
Inflammation and Necrosis
-
Exudation
-
Gallstones
-
Clinical Examination
-
Diagnosis
-
Treatment
-
Prognosis
-
Complications of Liver Disease
-
Portal Hypertension and Its Consequences
-
Gastrointestinal Ulceration
-
Ascites
-
Acquired Shunts
-
Hepatoencephalopathy
-
Consequences of Hepatocyte and Biliary Tract Injury
-
Functional Reserve
-
Coagulopathy
-
Regeneration
-
Fibrosis and the Wound-Healing Response
-
Structure and FunctionHistory and Physical ExaminationDiagnostic EvaluationBiopsy TechniquesParenchymal DisordersVascular DisordersNeoplastic DisordersMetabolic DisordersIntrahepatic Biliary DisordersExtrahepatic Biliary DisordersComplications of Liver Disease
