Etiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Features
Physical Examination Findings
Diagnosis

Diagnostic Imaging
Treatment and Prognosis
Immunity and Vaccination
Prevention
Public Health Aspects
Case Example
Suggested Readings
References

Canine adenovirus
Canine influenza virus
Canine parainfluenza viruses
Canine respiratory coronavirus
Canine herpesvirus
Canine reoviruses
Canine pneumovirus

Article Outline

THE NASAL CAVITY

• Normal Anatomy and Histologic Features
• Collection Techniques and Sample Preparation:  Nasal Swabs, Nasal Flush, Fine Needle Aspiration, Imprint and Brush Cytology
• Normal Cytology and Common Cytologic Changes:  Normal Nasal Cytology, Oropharyngeal Contamination, Hyperplasia / Dysplasia, Metaplasia
• Noninfectious Inflammatory Disease: Foreign Bodies, Allergic Rhinitis, Lymphoplasmacytic Rhinitis, Nasal Polyps, Chronic Sinusitis
• Infectious Causes:  Bacteria, Viral, Fungal, Parasitic, Protozoal, Algal
• Neoplasia of the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses
• Epithelial Neoplasia, Neuroendocrine Carcinoma, Mesenchymal Neoplasia, Discrete Cell Neoplasia, Histiocytic Sarcoma, Miscellaneous Neoplasia
  
  

LARYNX

• Anatomic and Histologic Features
• Sample Collection
• Normal and Inflammatory Cytologic Features:  Normal, Inflammation, Granulomatous laryngitis, Reactive Lymphoid hyperplasia
• Laryngeal Neoplasia:  Lymphoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Carcinoma, Laryngeal oncocytoma, Mesenchymal Neoplasia, Laryngeal Cysts and Mucoceles

TRACHEA, BRONCHI, AND LUNGS

• Normal Anatomy and Histology of the Airways and Lung
• Collection Techniques:  Transtracheal Wash, Bronchoalveolar Lavage, Bronchial Brushing, Transthoracic Fine-Needle Aspiration
• Normal Cytologic Features:  Normal Cytology of the Trachea and Bronchial Tree, Normal Cytology of the Lung, Oropharyngeal Contamination
• Inflammation of the Tracheobronchial Tract and Lungs:  Chronic Inflammation, Suppurative Inflammation, Macrophagic and Mixed Inflammation, Granulomatous Inflammation, Eosinophilic Inflammation
• Infectious Causes of Disease of the Tracheobronchial Tract and Lungs
• Bacterial Pneumonia, Viral Pneumonia, Protozoal Pneumonia, Fungal Pneumonia, Parasitic Infestations
• Tissue Injury:  Hemorrhage, Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis, Pulmonary Atelectasis or Collapse, Necrosis, Hyperplasia and Dysplasia of the Lung, Metaplasia of the Lung
• Neoplasia:  Carcinoma, Hemolymphatic Neoplasia, Mesenchymal Neoplasia
• Nonrespiratory Aspirate

REFERENCES