Article Outline
THE NASAL CAVITY
- Normal Anatomy and Histologic Features
- Collection Techniques and Sample Preparation: Nasal Swabs, Nasal Flush, Fine Needle Aspiration, Imprint and Brush Cytology
- Normal Cytology and Common Cytologic Changes: Normal Nasal Cytology, Oropharyngeal Contamination, Hyperplasia / Dysplasia, Metaplasia
- Noninfectious Inflammatory Disease: Foreign Bodies, Allergic Rhinitis, Lymphoplasmacytic Rhinitis, Nasal Polyps, Chronic Sinusitis
- Infectious Causes: Bacteria, Viral, Fungal, Parasitic, Protozoal, Algal
- Neoplasia of the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses
- Epithelial Neoplasia, Neuroendocrine Carcinoma, Mesenchymal Neoplasia, Discrete Cell Neoplasia, Histiocytic Sarcoma, Miscellaneous Neoplasia
LARYNX
- Anatomic and Histologic Features
- Sample Collection
- Normal and Inflammatory Cytologic Features: Normal, Inflammation, Granulomatous laryngitis, Reactive Lymphoid hyperplasia
- Laryngeal Neoplasia: Lymphoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Carcinoma, Laryngeal oncocytoma, Mesenchymal Neoplasia, Laryngeal Cysts and Mucoceles
TRACHEA, BRONCHI, AND LUNGS
- Normal Anatomy and Histology of the Airways and Lung
- Collection Techniques: Transtracheal Wash, Bronchoalveolar Lavage, Bronchial Brushing, Transthoracic Fine-Needle Aspiration
- Normal Cytologic Features: Normal Cytology of the Trachea and Bronchial Tree, Normal Cytology of the Lung, Oropharyngeal Contamination
- Inflammation of the Tracheobronchial Tract and Lungs: Chronic Inflammation, Suppurative Inflammation, Macrophagic and Mixed Inflammation, Granulomatous Inflammation, Eosinophilic Inflammation
- Infectious Causes of Disease of the Tracheobronchial Tract and Lungs
- Bacterial Pneumonia, Viral Pneumonia, Protozoal Pneumonia, Fungal Pneumonia, Parasitic Infestations
- Tissue Injury: Hemorrhage, Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis, Pulmonary Atelectasis or Collapse, Necrosis, Hyperplasia and Dysplasia of the Lung, Metaplasia of the Lung
- Neoplasia: Carcinoma, Hemolymphatic Neoplasia, Mesenchymal Neoplasia
- Nonrespiratory Aspirate
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