Cryotherapy

Indications

Precautions

Application of Cryotherapy

Ice packs

Cold Immersion Baths

Ice Massage

Thermotherapy

Indications

Contraindications

Application of Heat Therapy

Contrast Thermotherapy

• • Field Ophthalmology Basics
    
  • General Comments
  • Equipping the Ambulatory Vehicle
  • Creating an “Exam Room” in the Field
  • Working on Painful or Fractious Animals
  • Local and Regional Anesthesia
  • Performing Examinations in Field Settings
  • Life Stage Issues
  • Ophthalmic Tests in the Field
  • Field Tips for Vision Testing
  • Tips for Tonometry
  • Field Tips for Ophthalmic Dye Tests
  • Performing Culture and Cytology in the Field
  • Preparation for Diagnostic Sampling in the Field
  • Culture Sampling and Handling
  • Cytology Sampling and Handling
  • Interpreting Ocular Cytology Samples
  • Treatment Choices Based on Corneal Cytology
  • Other Ocular Cytology Indications
  • Imaging in the Field
  • Digital Photography
  • Point-and-Shoot (Electronic Viewfinder) Camera Selection for Field Use
  • Procedure for Ocular Imaging
  • Advanced Photography: Digital Single Lens Reflex Imaging and Infrared Imaging
  • Image Manipulation
  • Ultrasound of the Equine Ocular Region in the Field
  • Radiographic Imaging of the Equine Ocular Region in the Field
  • Treatment of Ocular Problems in the Field
  • General Comments
  • Medical Problems
  • Subconjunctival Injections
  • Subpalpebral Lavage Tube Systems
  • Insertion of the Subpalpebral Lavage System in the Standing Horse
  • Medication Application Using a Subpalpebral Lavage System
  • Management, Repair, and Removal of Subpalpebral Lavage Systems
  • Standing Surgery
  • Preparation for Standing Procedures
  • Field Tips for Basic Standing Procedures
  • Field Tips for Procedures Requiring Retrobulbar Block
  • Enucleation
  • Nictitans Removal
  • Corneal Foreign Body
  • Aqueous Paracentesis
  • Referral
  • Ophthalmology and the Equine Industry
  • Prepurchase Examinations
  • The Ophthalmic Portion of the Prepurchase Examination
  • The Prepurchase Examination Report
  • Issues Specific to Competitive Horses and Horses Used for Commercial Production
  • Medication Rules at FEI Events
  • Medication Rules at USEF Events
  • Ophthalmic Issues for English Show Horses
  • Ophthalmic Issues for Dressage and Eventing Horses
  • Ophthalmic Issues for Western Performance and Rodeo Horses
  • Ophthalmic Issues for Endurance Horses
  • Ophthalmic Issues for Polo Ponies
  • Medication Rules at the Racetrack
  • Ophthalmic Issues for Racehorses
  • Ophthalmic Issues for Broodmares
  • Ophthalmic Issues for Horses Sold at Public Auction
  • Conclusions
  • Veterinary Expertise and Client Continuing Education
  • Acknowledgment
  • References

Read more about this Chapter

Chapter Outline:

• Lesion Localization
• Diseases
• Acute Progressive Diseases, T3-L3
• Degenerative
• Inflammatory
• Acute Nonprogressive Diseases, T3-L3
• Trauma
• Chronic Progressive Diseases, T3-L3
• Degenerative
• Neoplasia of the Spine and Spinal Cord
• Acute Progressive Diseases, L4-S3
• Acute Nonprogressive Diseases, L4-S3
• Trauma
• Vascular
• Chronic Progressive Diseases, L4-S3
• Degenerative
• Anomalous
• Inflammatory
• Case Studies
• References

Chapter Outline

• EARLY EVENTS OF PREGNANCY
• ENDOMETRIAL CUP FORMATION
• DEVELOPMENT OF SUPPLEMENTARY CORPORA LUTEA
• PROGESTIN PRODUCTION BY THE FETOPLACENTAL UNIT
• SUMMARY OF METHODS OF PREGNANCY DIAGNOSIS
• • Behavioral Assessment
  • Serum/Milk Progesterone Assay
  • Vaginal Speculum Examination
  • Palpation of the Reproductive Tract per Rectum
  • • Detection of Early Pregnancy at 18 to 21 Days After Ovulation (Figure 7-1)
    • Detection of Pregnancy at 25 to 30 Days After Ovulation (Figure 7-7)
    • Detection of Pregnancy at 35 to 40 Days After Ovulation (Figure 7-8)
    • Detection of Pregnancy at 45 to 50 Days After Ovulation (Figure 7-9)
    • Detection of Pregnancy at 60 to 65 Days After Ovulation (Figure 7-10)
    • Detection of Pregnancy 100 to 120 Days After Ovulation (Figure 7-11)
    • Detection of Pregnancy at 150 to 210 Days After Ovulation
    • Detection of Pregnancy at 240 Days of Gestation to Term
• DETECTION OF PREGNANCY WITH ULTRASOUND EXAMINATION
• EQUINE CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN DETECTION
• ESTROGEN DETECTION IN BLOOD OR URINE
• BIBLIOGRAPHY

Chapter Outline

• Structure and Function
• • Structure
  • • Macroscopic Anatomy
    • Microscopic Anatomy
    • Blood Supply
    • Innervation
  • Function
  • • Duct Cells
    • Acinar Cells
    • Regulation of Secretion
• Diagnostic Evaluation of the Pancreas
• • Pancreatitis
  • Signalment, History, and Risk Factors
  • Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency
  • Clinical Features
  • Trypsin-Like Immunoreactivity
  • Pancreatic Fecal Elastase
  • Other Tests
  • Histopathology
  • Necrosis and Inflammation - Canine
  • Necrosis and Inflammation - Feline
  • Absecss, Necrosis, Pseudocyst, Phlegmon, Infection
  • Insufficiency
  • Neoplasia
• References

Pancreatitis was considered a rare disease in the cat until a couple of decades ago when several retrospective studies of severe acute pancreatitis were published.  It was apparent that few of the diagnostic tests of value in the dog were helpful in cats.  With increasing clinical suspicion, availability of abdominal ultrasonography, and introduction of pancreas-specific blood tests of increasing utility, it is now accepted that acute pancreatitis is probably almost as common in cats as it is in dogs, although the etiology(s) remain more obscure.

Pancreatitis in cats often co-exists with inflammatory bowel disease, less commonly with cholangitis, and sometimes with both.  Additionally, pancreatitis may trigger hepatic lipidosis, while other diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, may be complicated by pancreatitis.  Therapy is similar to that used in dogs, with added emphasis on early nutritional support to prevent hepatic lipidosis.  Less is known about chronic pancreatitis than the acute form, but chronic pancreatitis is more common in cats than it is in dogs and may respond positively to treatment with corticosteroids.

Article Outline

Introduction

• Etiology
• Clinical Presentation
• Diagnosis

Imaging

Biopsy

Therapy of Acute Pancreatitis

Therapy of Chronic Pancreatititis

References

Case Example:  Acute Pancreatititis