More details.

• • • Pain Recognition and Assessment
    • Routes and Methods of Drug Administration
    • Parenteral Administration (Intravenous, Intramuscular, Subcutaneous)
    • Sustained-Release Formulations
    • Constant-Rate Infusions
    • Transdermal Administration
    • Topical Administration
    • Oral Administration
    • Oral Transmucosal Administration
    • Epidural
    • Analgesic Drugs
    • Opioids
    • Side Effects of Opioids
    • Potential Drug Interactions
    • Specific Opioid Drugs
    • OP₃ Opioid Agonists
    • Combinations of Opioids
    • Epidural Administration of Opioids
    • Tramadol
    • Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs
    • Side Effects of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs
    • Specific Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs
    • Local Anesthetic Agents
    • Local Anesthetic Blocks
    • Brachial Plexus Block
    • Dental Blocks
    • Distal Paw Block
    • Intercostal Nerve Block
    • Wound Infusion Catheters
    • Alpha₂-Adrenergic Agonist Agents
    • N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Antagonists
    • Other Analgesic Drugs
    • Multimodal Analgesia
    • “Send Home” Medications
    • Individual Variation in Response to Analgesic Drugs
    • Special Populations
    • Other Analgesic Modalities
    • Conclusion
    • References