Introduction

ANXIETY DISORDERS

- Dogs

- Cats

Key Points:

• Routine monitoring of clinicopathologic data is a critical component in the management of

older patients.

• Serial data evaluations on an individual animal can prove to be a highly objective effective

means of characterizing developing disease.

• The complete blood count provides a broad overview of the general health status of the

patient.

• The minimum canine geriatric database includes the CBC, biochemical profile (with

electrolytes), complete urinalysis.

• The minimum senior feline database includes the CBC, biochemical profile (with electro-

lytes), complete urinalysis, total T4.

• Important geriatric conditions in dogs cats include chronic renal disease, hepatobilliary

disease endocrine metabolic disorders.

• • Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody
  • Activated Coagulation Time (ACT)
  • Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT)
  • Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH), Endogenous
  • Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) Stimulation Test
  • Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT, Formerly SGPT)
  • Albumin
  • Alkaline Phosphatase, Serum (SAP or ALP)
  • Ammonia
  • Amylase, Serum
  • Anion Gap
  • Antinuclear Antibody (ANA)
  • Arterial Blood Gases
  • Evaluate PaO₂
  • Potential causes of hypoxemia
  • Evaluate pH
  • Assess acid-base status
  • Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST, Formerly SGOT)
  • Basophil Count
  • Bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻)
  • Bile Acids
  • Bilirubin
  • Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
  • Buccal Mucosal Bleeding Time (BMBT)
  • Calcium (Ca)
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Chloride (Cl)
  • Corrected Hyperchloremia (elevation of chloride disproportionate to elevation of sodium):
  • Corrected Hypochloremia (loss of chloride relative to sodium)
  • Cholesterol (CH)
  • Cholinesterase
  • Cobalamin
  • Complete Blood Count (CBC)
  • Coombs Test
  • Cortisol
  • Creatine Kinase (CK, formerly CPK)
  • Creatinine
  • Cytologic Criteria of Malignancy
  • General Criteria
  • Nuclear Criteria
  • Cytologic Features of Discrete Cell (Round Cell) Tumors
  • Discrete Cells (Round Cells)
  • Specific Discrete Cell Tumors
  • Mast Cell Tumor
  • Lymphoma
  • Canine Cutaneous Histiocytoma
  • Malignant Histiocytosis/Histiocytic Sarcoma/Systemic Histiocytosis
  • Plasmacytoma
  • Transmissible Venereal Tumor
  • Melanoma
  • Cytologic Features of Mesenchymal Cells
  • Cytologic Features of Normal Epithelial Cells
  • Cytology of Ear Canal Swabs
  • Bacteria
  • Fungi
  • Mites
  • Neoplasia
  • Miscellaneous
  • Cytology of Nasal Swabs or Flush Specimens
  • Normal Findings
  • Infectious Agents
  • Noninfectious Conditions
  • Dexamethasone Suppression Tests
  • Low-Dose Dexamethasone Suppression Test (LDDST)
  • High-Dose Dexamethasone Suppression Test
  • Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC), Diagnostic Tests
  • Eosinophil Count
  • Erythrocyte Count (Red Blood Cell [RBC] Count)
  • Folate
  • Fructosamine
  • Gamma Glutamyltransferase (GGT)
  • Globulin
  • Glucose
  • Glucose Tolerance Test
  • Glycosylated Hemoglobin
  • Heartworm Antibody, Feline
  • Heartworm Antigen, Canine
  • Heartworm Antigen, Feline
  • Hematocrit (Packed Cell Volume, PCV)
  • Hemoglobin
  • Hemolysis, Prevention in Laboratory Samples
  • Steps to Prevent Hemolysis:
  • Immunoassays
  • Insulin
  • Iron-Binding Capacity (Total, TIBC)/Ferritin
  • Joint Fluid (Arthrocentesis)
  • Lipase
  • Lymphocyte Count
  • Magnesium (Mg)
  • Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)
  • Methemoglobinemia
  • Methods of Sample Collection for Cytology
  • Fine-Needle Biopsy (Aspiration or Nonaspiration Method)
  • Impression Smear
  • Scraping
  • Swab
  • Monocyte Count
  • Myoglobinuria
  • Neutrophil Count
  • Osmolality
  • Packed Cell Volume
  • Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)/Ionized Calcium
  • Phosphorus (P)
  • Platelet Count
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Potassium (K)
  • Protein, Total (TP)
  • Prothrombin Time (PT)
  • Red Blood Cell (RBC) Count
  • Reticulocyte Count
  • Sodium (Na)
  • Thoracocentesis Fluid
  • Eosinophilic Effusion
  • Thrombocyte Count
  • Thyroid Function Tests
  • Toxoplasmosis Antibody Titer
  • Triglycerides
  • Trypsinogen-Like Immunoreactivity (TLI)/Pancreatic Lipase Immunoreactivity (PLI)
  • Urinalysis
  • Appearance
  • Specific Gravity
  • Chemical Properties
  • Urinary Sediment Examination
  • Urine Cortisol/Creatinine Ratio
  • Urine Protein/Creatinine Ratio
  • von Willebrand Factor
  • White Blood Cell (WBC) Count

Chapter Outline

• Glucose
• • Hypoglycemia
  • Hyperglycemia
• Protein
• • Albumin
  • Globulins
  • Hypoproteinemia
  • Hyperproteinemia
• Lipids
• • Hypolipidemia
  • Hyperlipidemia
• Liver
• • Alanine Aminotransferase
  • Glutamate Dehydrogenase
  • Alkaline Phosphatase
  • γ-Glutamyltransferase
  • Aspartate Aminotransferase
  • Lactate Dehydrogenase
  • Bilirubin
• Muscle
• • Creatine Kinase
• Exocrine Pancreas
• • Amylase
  • Lipase
  • Trypsinogen
  • • Decreased Pancreatic Enzyme Activity
    • Increased Pancreatic Enzyme Activity
• Renal Parameters
• • Urea Nitrogen/Blood Urea Nitrogen
  • • Decreased BUN
    • Increased BUN
  • Creatinine
  • • Decreased Creatinine
    • Increased Creatinine
• Minerals
• • Calcium
  • • Hypocalcemia
    • Hypercalcemia
  • Phosphorus
  • • Hypophosphatemia
    • Hyperphosphatemia
  • Magnesium
• Electrolytes
• • Electrolyte Imbalances
• Suggested Readings

Introduction