In this segment we review the classification and staging of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in dogs as well as the utility of the vertebral heart score (VHS) and vertebra left atrial score (VLAS) to predict ACVIM staging in dogs with MMVD. Discussion includes common physical examination findings in affected dogs, the utility of thoracic radiographs, cardiac biomarkers, and characteristic echocardiogram findings in dogs with mitral valve disease.
Running time: 1 hr 43 mins
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