Basic Acoustic Principles
Instrumentation
Image Quality: Spatial Resolution
Special New Imaging Modes
Image Orientation and Labeling
Image Interpretation and Terminology
Imaging Pitfalls and Artifacts
Propagation Artifacts
Attenuation
Doppler Ultrasonography
Principles of Doppler
Pulsed Wave Doppler Ultrasonography
Continuous Wave Doppler Ultrasonography
Interpretation of the Doppler Spectral Display
Color Doppler
Power Doppler
Instrumentation
Doppler Controls
Important Doppler Artifacts
Safety of Diagnostic Ultrasound
References

Chapter 1 - Fundamentals of Diagnostic Ultrasound

• Introduction to focused assessment with sonography for trauma
• AFAST for blunt trauma: detection of free fluid
• AFAST for blunt trauma: determining the cause of injury
• AFAST for penetrating trauma
• AFAST and AFS scanning technique
• AFAST beyond blunt abdominal trauma-induced injury
• TFAST for blunt and penetrating trauma: detection of free air and free fluid
• Performing the TFAST³ examination: now a five-point scan
• Patient preparation and positioning for TFAST³ and Vet Blue
• The diagnosis of PTX: the TFAST³ CTS
• Using the lung point for the degree of PTX: partial versus massive
• The diagnosis of lung contusions
• The diagnosis of chest wall pathology: the step sign
• The diagnosis of pleural and pericardial effusion
• The diagnosis of cardiac tamponade
• The Vet Blue lung scan
• The use of Vet Blue and lung ultrasound: principles and assumptions
• The use of regionally based Vet Blue findings: diagnosing and monitoring lung conditions
• The future of small animal lung ultrasound
• The use of TFAST³ and Vet Blue: cardiovascular assessment
• The use of global FAST³: monitoring hospitalized, critically ill patients, and at-risk patients
• Templates for medical records and terminology
• Summary
• References

Visualization of the abdominal organs depends on the following factors, taken singly or in combination:

• Differences in opacity between one organ and another.
• The amount of fat—retroperitoneal, mesenteric, and omental—present within the abdomen.  Emaciated or very young animals with little abdominal fat show poor contrast.
• The contents of the abdominal organs vary in density and consequently in opacity.  Such contents may help outline the organs, such as air or gas in the stomach, or feces may outline the colon.